Solar Powered Refrigeration with Integrated Phase Change Materials (PCMs)

Abstract

Solar PV systems provide clean and renewable energy but face challenges related to intermittent power availability, particularly during low sunlight periods. Phase change materials (PCMs) mitigate this limitation by offering thermal energy storage, ensuring consistent refrigeration performance despite solar power fluctuations. However, the implementation of these systems at a real-world scale, particularly in weak/off-grid settings of rural areas, remains underexplored. This literature review aims to identify the reasons behind the slow implementation of PCM-assisted solar PV refrigeration systems by examining existing gaps in solar-powered fridge systems, fridge systems with PCMs, numerical modeling, and real-scale applications. Drawing from the literature on material availability and optimization, we propose a low-cost PCM formulation comprising glycerine, water, and alcohol mixtures as a practical solution for freezing compartments in solar-assisted refrigeration systems tailored for off-grid applications. By reviewing material optimization, system design, and real-world applicability, this literature review establishes a foundation for advancing energy-efficient and sustainable cooling technologies, improving refrigeration access especially in rural and underserved communities.