Factors of Vulnerability Forming Considerations For Informed Legal-Policy Formulation In Addressing Climate Change-Induced Internal Displacement: Case Study on Munroe Island
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70917/jcc-2025-021Keywords:
climate-change, vulnerability, displacement, resilience, adaptationAbstract
Globally, the effects of climate change are felt increasingly than ever before with significant implications for human mobility. At one end, extreme climatic conditions raise displacement risks and migration, on the other, mobility constraints may prevent people from leaving, thereby trapping them in places exhibiting high levels of climatic stress. In situ adaptations are becoming difficult entailing risks for livelihoods and health of populations; and migration destinations are also becoming affected by adverse climate impacts. The vulnerability of the migrating populations further creates novel challenges to climate resilience and human security. This premise is evaluated in the paper by employing a case study involving Munroe Island in the State of Kerala in India. The paper is premised on the proposition that effective redressal of issues caused by climate change require legal-policy interfaces. Now, the issue revolves around identification of determinants which should form the basis of such interfaces. The case study undertaken reveals vulnerability as the primary criterion to be considered relevant in formulation of legal-policy interfaces. The study concludes that when different sections of a geographically homogenous community are subjected to climate change adversities, the ill-effects though expected to be similar across the board, vary owing to differing socio-economic vulnerabilities of the units of the study population. Since climate change effects remain constant, such adverse effects can be pacified through modifications directed towards socio-economic indicators through targeted interventions.
References
Dolšak, N., & Prakash, A. (2018). The politics of climate change adaptation. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 43, 317–341. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025739 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025739
Government of India. (2019). Report on GoI–UNDP project on enhancing institutional and community resilience to disasters and climate change 2013–17.
India Development Review. (2023, September 20). Essential climate change terms explained: Part II, climate emergency. https://idronline.org/article/climate-emergency/a-guide-to-key-climate-change-terms/
International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2008). Migration and climate change (IOM Migration Research Series No. 31). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18356/a45e5a14-en
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007). Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge University Press.
Jayawardhan, S. (2017). Vulnerability and climate change induced human displacement. Consilience, 17, 103–142. https://doi.org/10.7916/consilience.v0i17.3915
Kamarck, E. (2019, September 23). The challenging politics of climate change. Brookings. http://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-challenging-politics-of-climate-change/
Kammerer, E. F., Jr. (2020). Law and public policy: A gap between theory and teaching? American Political Science Association, 292–293. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096519002178 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096519002178
Kim, K. (2014). The relationship between the law and public policy: Is it a chi-square or normative shape for the policy makers? Social Sciences, 3(4), 137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140304.15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140304.15
Knur, F. (2014). The United Nations human rights-based approach to climate change: Introducing a human dimension to international climate law. In S. von Schorlemer (Ed.), Climate change as a threat to peace: Impacts on cultural heritage and cultural diversity (pp. 37–).
Lonergan, S. (1998). The role of environmental degradation in population displacement. Environmental Change and Security Project Report, 4, 5–15.
McInerney-Lankford, S. (2009). Climate change and human rights: An introduction to legal issues. Harvard Environmental Law Review, 33, 431–435.
Nachmany, M. (2015). The 2015 global climate legislation study: A review of climate change legislation in 99 countries. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
Nair, S. L. S., Krishna, P. S. R., Varghese, P., & Varghese, T. I. (2020). A critical examination of the flooding and its impact on the Munro Island in Southwest India. EGU General Assembly 2020, Online. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21525
Oxford University Press. (2015). Intersectionality. In Oxford English Dictionary (9th ed.).
Patnaik, A. (2023, August 17). Redraft the disaster management law: India should drive a concerted regional effort towards climate proofing and building resiliency. Financial Express. https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/redraft-the-disaster-management-law-india-should-drive-a-concerted-regional-effort-towards-climate-proofing-and-building-resiliency/3212887/
Prathapan, K., & Rajendran, P. (2022). Investigating into the major reasons for the sinking of Munroe Island in Kerala. Current World Environment, 17(2), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.17.2.14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.17.2.14
R, R., Krishna, S., & Ramesh K, M. (2018). Climate resilient planning for backwater islands: A case of Munroe Thuruthu. World Congress on Disaster Management.
Rafeeque, M. K. T. R., Anoop, M. K., Sreeraj, Raveendran, P., Nair, S. L. A., & Krishnakumar. (2023). Anthropogenic interventions on land neutrality in a critically vulnerable estuarine island ecosystem: A case of Munro Island (India). Nature, 13(1), 1458. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28695-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28695-w
Sherbinin, A. de. (2020, October 23). Climate impacts as drivers of migration. Migration Policy Institute: Migration Information Source. http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/climate-imacts-drivers-migration
Staff Reporter. (2022, June 28). KSHRC suggests special assistance to Munroe Thuruthu. The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kshrc-suggests-special-assistance-to-munroe-thuruthu/article65576079.ece
Tacoli, C. (2009). Crisis or adaptation? Migration and climate change in a context of high mobility. Environment and Urbanization, 21(2), 513–525. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247809342182 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247809342182
United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction. (2016, February 7). Terminology. https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology
U, S., & Lancelet, T. S. (2019). A micro level study on the environmental issues of Munroe Island, Kollam, Kerala. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 9(1), 178–193.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2026-10-11 (3)
- 2026-10-10 (2)
- 2025-09-28 (1)
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Abhijith S Kumar (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.